5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a furan-based compound formed by the dehydration of sugars, especially fructose and glucose. Its main function is as a versatile platform chemical for producing bio-based fuels, polymers, and fine chemicals. HMF can be converted into derivatives such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a renewable alternative to terephthalic acid in plastics. Applications include bioplastics, resins,solvents, and biofuels, making HMF an important bridge between biomass and sustainable chemical production.

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